Phytochemical Agents

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Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) is a psoralen (also known as furocoumarins) found in bergamot essential oil and many other citrus essential oils, and is the chemical in bergamot oil that causes phototoxicity.

 

Synonyms:

• 5-mop; 4-mop; Majudin; Geralen; Heraclin; Bergaptan; Psoraderm; Bergapten; Bergaptene; Akos 201-13
  

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A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

 

IUPAC Name:

• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one

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White or almost white, crystalline powder or fine, colorless needles

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A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic disease).

Synonyms:

• Nsc757; Colcin; Nsc 757; Condylon; Colchicin; Colsaloid; Olchisol; Colchicina; Colchineos;Len-7-Yl)

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This compound belongs to the ajmaline-sarpagine alkaloids. These are organic compounds containing either of the indole structures ajmaline, sarpagine, or derivative thereof. An alkaloid found in the root of Drug serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials. Ajmaline produces potent sodium channel blocking effects and a very short half-life which makes it a very useful this for acute intravenous treatments. Its has been very popular in some countries for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and in well tolerated monomorphic ventricular tachycardias. It has also been used for many years as a drug to challenge the conduction system of the heart in cases of bundle branch block and syncope. In these cases, abnormal prolongation of the HV interval has been taken as a proof for infrahisian conduction defects tributary for permanent pacemaker implantation.

 

IUPAC Name:

• (17R,21β)-ajmalan- 17,21-diol OR (1R,9R,10S,13R,14R,16S,18S)- 13-ethyl- 8-methyl- 8,15-diazahexacyclo [14.2.1.01,9.02,7.010,15.012,17] nonadeca- 2(7),3,5-triene- 14,18-diol

 

Synonyms:

• Ritmos; Ajmalin; Ignazin; Takycor; Aritmina; AJMALINE; Rytmalin; Siddiqui; Tajmalin; Cartagine

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Berberine is an Isoquinoline alkaloid, present in roots and stem-bark of Berberis species. Berberine has demonstrated wide range of pharmacological acitivities including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, anti-diarrhoeal, cholagouge hepatoprotective and antimicrobial.Isoquinoline alkaloid, with a bright yellow color.

 

Synonyms:

• 7,8, 13,13a-tetradehydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2, 3- (methylenedioxy)-, sulfate (2:1); Benzo(g)-1, 3-benzodioxolo (5,6-a)quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxy-, sulfate (2:1) (9CI); Benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo (5,6-a)quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydr 0-9,10- dimethoxy-, sulfate (2:1); Benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo (5,6-a) quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxy-, sulfate (2:1); Berberal; Berberine sulfate (2:1)

 

Application:

• Various beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and significant anti-inflammatory activities.Berberine has been shown to lower elevated blood glucose as effectively as metformin.Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disordersBerberine may be useful for patients with severe congestive heart failure

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Bromelain is a mixture of enzymes found naturally in the juice and stems of pineapples. These are called a proteolytic enzyme, bromelain is believed to help with the digestion of protein.

 

Synonyms:

• Ananase;BROMELIN;BROMELAIN;3.4.22.32;Bromezyme;Bromelein;Edemase D;bromelains;BROMELASIN;EC 3.4.22.1

 

Application:

• Bromelain is also used as a natural anti-inflammatory for conditions such as arthritis. It's one of the most popular supplements in Germany, where it is approved by the Commission E for the treatment of inflammation and swelling of the nose and sinuses due to surgery or injury

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Podophyllum resin have been used in various formulations for a number of pharmacological and therapeutic applications such as purgative, emetic, anthelmintic and in threatment of various growth on the skins.It has been employed for the treatment of planter, urogenital warts including condyloma acuminatum. German patents exist for the use of oral, parental formulations incorporating podophyllum for treating obstructions of the lymph system.

 

IUPAC Name:

• 8-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,3]benzodioxole-6-carboxylic acid; 5-hydroxy-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one; 5-hydroxy-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one

 

Synonyms:

• Podofillina; Podophyllin; Podophyllum; Podophylline; Podophyllum Resin; Podophylium Resin; Podocarpic Acid(Rg); Podophyllumresin,usp; Podophyllum Resin, Bp 80; Podophyllum Resin, Reagent

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A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA adducts in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.

Synonyms:

• 5-Benzofuranacrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, delta-lactone 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-benzofuranacrylic acid delta-Lactone 7H-Furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one, 9-methoxy-8-Methoxy-(furano-3'.2':6.7-coumarin) 9-Methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one Methoxsalen

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Yellow to light yellow-brown powder

 

Synonyms:

• Bbr; 250mg; Ci 75160; Berberin; Berberine; Umbellatine; Berbericine; Berberin Hcl; Berberine Hcl; Insipberberine

 

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Berberine Hydrochloride is an alkaloid derived from Chinese goldthread,bark of cork tree and other plants. It can be also synthesized in artificial method. It is used as raw material to make preparations, which are usually administered the treatment of intestinal

 

Synonyms:

• Bbr;ci 75160; Kyoberin; Nsc 646666; Umbellatine;berberin Hcl; Berberine Hcl; Natural Yellow 18; Berberine Chloride; Timtec-bb Sbb006488
  

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Fine, silky needles, often in clusters, colorless

 

Synonyms:

• Quinine Hcl; Chinimetten; Quininemuriate; Quininechloride; Quinine Hydrochloride; Quinine Hcl & Sulfate; Quinine Monohydrochloride; Hydrochloric Acid Quinine; Quinine Hydrochloric Acid; Quinine Hydrochloride 2 H2o
  

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Piperine is an alkaloid from black pepper that shows chemopreventive, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It is suggested that piperine exerts its chemopreventive effect by augmenting antioxidant defense system and modulating lipid peroxidation.

 

Synonyms:

• Piperin; PIPERINE; FEMA 2909; PIPERLINE; Bioperine; NSC 21727; PIPERINE(P); Piperine,98%; PIPERINE(RG); Piperine,99%

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Noscapine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Noscapine. Noscapine is an alkaloid with several actions. Antagonist at Bradykinin B Receptor (bradykinin receptors) (pA2 = 6.68), inhibits carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositol turnover and enhances forskolin-stimulated cAMP increases in CNS tissues. Additionally Noscapine binds to tubulin, arrests cells in mitosis and induces apoptosis. Blocks proliferation of human leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore, Noscapine modulates IKK activation, suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Noscapine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of Tubulin.

Synonyms:

• Noscapinehcl; Opianhydrochloride; Capvalhydrochloride; Lyobexhydrochloride; Nsc5366Hydrochloride; Vadebexhydrochloride; Noscapine Base / Hcl; Longatinhydrochloride; Coscopinhydrochloride; Nectadonhydrochloride

 

IUPAC Name:

• 6,7-dimethoxy-3-[(5S)-4-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-6-ium-5-yl]-3H-2--1-one chloride

 

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Papaverine hydrochloride is an alkaloid originally isolated from bearing little relation to other alkaloids in structure or pharmacological actions. Experiments indicate smooth muscle relaxant activity, with noted treatment for impotence. It can also act as a cerebral vasodilator through the possible inhibition of PDE (phosphodiesterases) and/or calcium channel actions.

Synonyms:

• 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-Veratrylisoquinoline Hcl; 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-Veratryl-Isoquinoline Hydrochloride; 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-Isoquinoline Hydrochloride; 1-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-Dimethoxyisoquinoline Hydrochloride; 1-[(3',4'-Dimethoxyphenyl)Methyl]-6,7-Dimethoxyisoquinoline Hcl; Papaverine Hcl; Papaverine Hydrochloride; 1-((3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)Methyl)-6,7-Dimethoxy-Isoquinolinhydrochloride

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Pure capsaicin is a white crystalline powder. Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid which belongs to the alkaloid family. It is very heat stable and keeps its activity despite cooking. Capsaicin is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and vegetable oil. Other capsaicinoid are dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin.

 

Synonyms:

• Trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide, N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-methyl-non-trans-6-enamide

 

Application:

• Capsaicin is used in many topical ointments used to relieve the pain of peripheral neuropathy (treatment of pain in the nerve endings near the surface of the skin).

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Synonyms:

• Arbuz; Caroid; Nematolyt; Summeatrin; Tromasin; Vegetablepepsin; Immobilized Papain; Papain Food Grade

 

Application:

• Papain may cause allergic manifestation .Person handling this material should be protected against inhalation of dust and contact with the skin or eyes.

 

IUPAC Name:

• [(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(1S,2R,4R,5R,6E,8E,11R,15R,16S)-15-acetyloxy-16-methoxy-4,11-dimethyl-13-oxo-2-(2-oxoethyl)-5-propanoyloxy-12-oxa-1-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate

 

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